Perhutanan Sosial, Solusi Atasi Konflik Lahan
JAMBI – Program perhutanan sosial yang tengah dikembangkan sejumlah perusahaan perkebunan dan kehutanan di Jambi, diyakini menjadi solusi efektif untuk menyelesaikan konflik lahan yang sering terjadi antara masyarakat dengan perusahaan. Dengan perhutanan sosial, perusahaan ikut memberdayakan masyarakat, sehingga bisa mendorong peningkatan kesejahteraan dan kualitas hidup masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar konsesi perusahaan. Perhutanan sosial tidak hanya mengatasi masalah ekonomi semata. Bahkan, masalah ekologi dan sosial bisa direduksi.
Kepala Jurusan Kehutanan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jambi (UNJA) Dr. Bambang Irawan, SP mendorong program perhutanan sosial berjalan optimal. Untuk itu, Bambang Irawan mengingatkan agar sejumlah hal dipenuhi agar program perhutanan sosial sesuai tujuannya, di antaranya, penguatan kelembagaan kelompok tani hutan, kapasitas serta kemampuan petani hutan dan permodalan.
“Seluruh komponen itu membutuhkan kerjasama yang terintegrasi antara perusahaan, pemerintah, petani, dan akademisi,” tegas Bambang Irawan, beberapa waktu lalu.
Bambang mengatakan, izin perhutanan sosial yang dikeluarkan pemerintah sebenarnya sudah banyak. Hanya, kapasitas masyarakat pengelola hutan yang belum mumpuni. Akibatnya, konsep perhutanan sosial pun belum bisa diimplementasikan secara optimal.
“Hak pengelolaan lahan oleh masyarakat akan lebih optimal, jika masyarakat mendapat bantuan berupa kemampuan kelembagaan, skill, dan teknologi serta manajemen pemasaran,” saran Bambang Irawan.
Dengan perhutanan sosial masalah konflik lahan bisa terselesaikan, sebab masyarakat memiliki legalitas dalam mengelola lahannya. Di Jambi, ada sekitar 300 ribu hektare kawasan hutan yang diperuntukkan untuk perhutanan sosial. Karena itu, ia mengingatkan betapa pentingnya dilakukan penguatan kemampuan masyarakat pengelola perhutanan sosial.
Selain memberikan manfaat kepada masyarakat, lanjut Bambang Irawan, program perhutanan sosial juga berdampak positif kepada perusahaan. Dengan perhutanan sosial, konflik lahan yang sering terjadi bisa terselesaikan. Selain itu, masyarakat bisa ikut mengelola lahan dan merawatnya sepenuh hati, sehingga saat ada masalah di sekitar lahan perusahaan, masyarakat bisa berkontribusi positif membantu menyelesaikan.
“Dengan begini semua pihak akan mendapat benefit ekologi, ekonomi, dan sosial. Yang tidak kalah penting, perusahaan bisa leluasa berusaha dan tidak terganggu dengan konflik-konflik yang ada,” katanya.
Senada dengan Bambang Irawan, Kepala Seksi Perlindungan Hutan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Produksi (KPHP) Tebo Barat Kristovan menegaskan, pihaknya sudah langsung action dengan membantu dan mendukung perkembangan sejak awal pembentukan Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) dan Kemitraan Kehutanan. Melalui program tersebut, Kristovan mendorong lahirnya Kelompok Usaha Perhutanan Sosial (KUPS) sehingga hasil produksi dan usaha bisa meningkatkan produknya secara signifikan.
“Kami sudah mengaplikasikan program perhutanan sosial. Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Produksi (KPHP) Tebo Barat ikut mendorong dan mendampingi penandatanganan nota kesepahaman sejumlah KTH dan kelompok Wanita tani (KWT) yaitu KTH Sumatera Rimba Lestari, KTH Sumatera Rimba Lestari, KWT Karang Jaya dan KWT Karang Indah Lestari yang melakukan kemitraan kehutanan dengan anak usaha PT RLU, yakni PT Lestari Asri Jaya dan PT Wanamukti Wisesa,” jelas Kristovan.
Sedangkan Miswandi, Ketua KTH Rejo Mulyo Lestari mengatakan, kegiatan pembinaan yang diberikan RLU dan IDH sangat bermanfaat buat petani. Tidak hanya mendapatkan ilmu mengenai budidaya tanaman yang lebih produktif dan berkelanjutan, petani juga mendapatkan bantuan sarana produksi pertanian dari PT Wanamukti Wisesa seperti pisau sadap, mangkuk untuk menampung getah karet, dan bibit tanaman karet unggul.
Seperti diketahui, PT Royal Lestari Utama (RLU) melalui anak usahanya PT Lestari Asri Jaya dan PT Wanamukti Wisesa menggandengan berbagai pihak, di antaranya Yayasan Inisiasi Dagang Hijau (IDH) untuk mendampingi dan membina ratusan petani yang tergabung dalam Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) dan Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) di Desa Sungai Karang, VII Koto Ilir, Kabupaten Tebo, Jambi. Kegiatan pembinaan dilakukan agar para petani bisa mengelola lahan secara lebih produktif dan berkelanjutan.
Langkah perusahaan menerapkan progam perhutanan sosial tersebut mendapat apresiasi dari Bambang Irawan. Menurutnya, dari sejumlah perusahaan yang bergerak di sektor perkebunan dan Hutan Tanaman Industri (HTI) di Jambi, baru segelintir saja yang sudah menerapkan program perhutanan sosial. Ia mendukung partisipasi aktif dua perusahaan HTI, yaitu, PT Lestari Asri Jaya (LAJ) dan PT Wanamukti Wisesa (WW), yang mengimplementasikan program perhutanan sosial kepada masyarakat di sekitar wilayah konsesinya di Kabupaten Tebo, Jambi.
PT LAJ dan PT WW dinilai sudah bermitra dengan masyarakat untuk mewujudkan perhutanan sosial yang ideal. Selain turut aktif membantu masyarakat mendapatkan legalitas hukum terhadap lahan yang dikelola masyarakat, kedua perusahaan berperan aktif memberikan berbagai macam pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada masyarakat.
“Kedua perusahaan bisa menjadi contoh bagi perusahaan lainnya. Sebab, keduanya turut membina masyarakat, termasuk melakukan transfer skill dan pengetahuan pengelolaan hutan kepada masyarakat. Bahkan, fasilitas perusahaan juga dapat difungsikan untuk membantu masyarakat yang sudah bermitra dengan perusahan,” kata Bambang Irawan.
RLU sudah mengembangkan kemitraan kehutanan dengan sembilan Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) yang terdiri dari 150 petani dengan total luasan 566 hektar, termasuk tujuh Kelompok Tani Hutan. Ke-9 KTH yang dimaksud adalah Bukit Jaya, Gading Saiyo Lestari, Lestari Rimba Makmur, Lestari Rimba Mulya dan Lestari Rimba Sejahtera, Anugrah Rimba Lestari, dan Karang Indah Lestari.
Proses kemitraan kehutanan sendiri dilakukan dengan melakukan proses verifikasi. Adapun petugas tim verifikasi teknis kemitraan kehutanan dilakukan petugas gabungan dari Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK), Balai PSKL Sumatera, Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Jambi, dan Pokja PPS Provinsi Jambi.(****)
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